Thailand signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in June 1992 and ratified the Convention in March 1995. Realizing the seriousness of climate change as a global threat, the country has been contributing to international efforts to address climate change issues, as a Non-Annex I country.
　In February 1999, Thailand signed the Kyoto Protocol, and ratified it on 28 August 2002. The Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP) was assigned by MOSTE to be responsible as a national focal point on the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. However, there have been several changes of administrative responsibilities on climate change in Thailand. At first, the main responsible agency on climate change was placed with the “Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP)”, under MOSTE. Since national public administrative reform in 2002, MNRE was newly established; the work of climate change was transferred to the “Office of the Permanent Secretary” under MNRE. This was until September 2004, MNRE decided to shift the climate change responsibility back to the “Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)”. Accordingly, ONEP established the “Climate Change Coordinating Unit” under the Office of National Environment Board. ONEP provides full support to the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol implementation in Thailand, for instance:

• Drafting a National Strategy on Climate Change;
• Preparing for the establishment of institutional framework, "Thailand National Committee on Cliamte Change Policy" and "Thailand Greenhouse Management Organization (Public Organization);"
• Providing capacity building programs on climate change and CDM developemtn to relavant sectors;
• Preparing a Research and Development Plan on Climate Change; and
• Preparing a national plan on implementing Article 6 of the UNFCCC.

　The Office of Natural Resources & Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), under the Ministry of Natural Resources & Enviroment (MNRE), is in a process of drafting a "National Strategy on Climate Change" to address the issue of climate change in Thailand. The strategy outlines mechanisms and measures that would need to be undertaken by various agencies. These include measures for mitigating greenhouse gases emission and adapting to impacts of climate change, as well as incorporated with the National Social and Economic Development Plan with details on:

• Enhancing capabilities on adaptation to climate change impact and vulnerability.
• Reducing greenhouse gases emission.
• Promoting public awareness and participation on climate change.
• Strengthening on capacity building.
• Strengthening climate change research and development.

　Under the frame of the National Strategy on Climate Change, implementation of Article 6 of the UNFCCC (education, training and public awareness) has been focused. Moreover, a study on Thailand's preparation to implement Article 6 of the UNFCCC has been under reviewed and developed. Moreover, the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) also jointly organizes a pilot project "Schools for Better Climate (SBC)" with Thailand Environment Institute (TEI) and the Danish International Development Agency (Danida). The Project was set up in 2005 with aims to develop Teacher's Tool Kit for providing information and advice for teachers in educating and raising awareness to school-children on global warming and climate change issues; and enhance roles of schools in contributing to what we can do for better climate and mitigate global warming problems. SBC Project activities include:

• Developing "Teacher's guidebook : Global warming information and education programs for secondary school teachers (Mattayom 1?3)"
• Training of teachers for capacity development from 20 schools (distributed in 5 regions of Thailand) that voluntarily apply to the Schools for Better Climate Project. List of schools could be viewed on the website. Workshops were arranged with aims to enhance capacity and understanding of teachers to further conduct educational programs at schools.
• Supporting 30,000 baht budget for each school to create and conduct their programs.
• Supporting budget for promoting school-children and teacher initiatives by arranging a one-day event with talk show, education, exhibition and young people entertainment activities on "Thai Environment Day 2006". The event was jointly arranged with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Certificates to all participating schools and honorable rewards were distributed by Minister of Natural Resources and Environment.
• Establishing a website www.thai-sbc.org as a medium in promoting, communicating and distributing information for school teachers, children and interested people on global warming and climate change issues.

• Teachers'sguidebook: "Global warming information and education programs for secondary school teachers" to provide information and tipps for teachers to set up their teaching programs and activities for school-children.
• "20 leading schools" of the project, comprising 4 schools from each of 5 regions, would become "Best practice schools" as well as networking for further participating schools in their own region in the future.
• Trained "Lead teachers" who become experienced in conducting global warming educational programs at school could turn into "speakers" for delivering their knowledge and experience to other schools.
• Publications, posters, museums and other mediums initiated from school activities could be good "sources of knowledge" for other interested school to visit.
• Outcomes of the project could be presented as Thailand's initiative and international cooperation contributing to the implementation of Article 6 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

　There are several environmental related research plans at NRCT in order to support sustainable development for following issues.

1. Sufficiency economy and sustainable consumption;
2. Balance use of natural resources and the environment;
3. Environment-friendly products, cleaner production and services;
4. Water resources and water basin management, urban expansion and special area development;
5. Energy conservation and renewable energy

　There are several Cabinet Resolutions related to the CDM implementation in Thailand. The Cabinet Resolution in August 2002 designated the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE) as the national focal point for the Kyoto Protocol and the National Authority for CDM (NA CDM) at the early stage. The resolution suggested establishment of a CDM Steering Committee to set up policies, measures, guidance and oversee the CDM implementation in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP) was assigned by MOSTE to be responsible as a national focal point on the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, as well as performing its role as the NA CDM. However, in October 2002, there was national public administrative reform where MOSTE was dissolved, and its responsibilities were split up among the newly established Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE). The OEPP remains with the same structure and responsibilities, only with a name changed to the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP).
　On 10 September 2002, the Cabinet passed another resolution, which was a month after the approval of the Kyoto Protocol ratification. The resolution approved the Kyoto Protocol implementation on carbon credits in Thailand so as to advocate all government agencies and state enterprises to take notice on limiting and reducing greenhouse gases emission in its own activities. If foreign entities had an intention to collaborate in terms of "carbon credits" activity, this must be submitted to the Cabinet for consideration on a case-by-case basis.
　On 1 July 2003, the Cabinet Resolution made approval of MNRE's proposal in implementing the CDM, and amending the National Committee of the UNFCCC (NC UNFCCC) composition, under the National Environmental Board (NEB). The NC UNFCCC was to be chaired by Minister of MNRE and inclusive of representatives from relevant public agencies, private sector and experts with the aim of supervising the UNFCCC implementation in Thailand. Since national public administrative reform in October 2002, the work of climate change and CDM was transferred to the "Office of the Permanent Secretary" under MNRE.
　This was until September 2004, MNRE decided to shift the climate change and CDM responsibility back to the "Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP)". ONEP reacted by establishing a task force called the "Climate Change Coordinating Unit", which is now located in the Office of National Environment Board. The Climate Change Coordinating Unit under ONEP provides full support to CDM development in Thailand, for instance:

• Drafting a national policy on climate change and CDM;
• Preparing for the establishment of institutional framework on both climate change and CDM;
• Providing capacity building programs on CDM development to relevant sectors;
• Preparing expert and stakeholder consultation on drafting necessary elements on CDM implementation in the country including approval procedure and sustainable development criteria for CDM projects.

　These capacity building programs based on stakeholder consultative basis were conducted through various means, for example, seminars, workshops, meetings, publications and website development. The purpose of stakeholder consultation was to identify the needs of stakeholders and how ONEP could address these needs. These include private sector, pubilc sector, academia, NGOs, media and civil society. MNRE has been cooperating with Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Transport, academic institutions, NGOs, foreign and international agencies to carry out capacity development programs, website and publications on CDM information distribution to stakeholders. Other key actors on CDM capacity building in Thailand include:

• Department of Industrial Works (DIW), under Ministry of Industry
• Department of Alternate Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), under Ministry of Energy
• Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning (OTP), under Ministry of Transport
• The World Bank
• Royal Danish Embassy in Thailand -Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA)
• Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
• Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)
• New and Industrial Energy Development Organization (NEDO)
• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) -UNEP Riso Centre
• European Commission to Thailand
• WWF Thailand
• Asian Development Bank (ADB)
• Associaltion of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
• Global Environemtal Centre Foundation (GEC)
• Ministry of the Environment (MOE), Japan
• Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry (METI), Japan
• Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), Japan
• Japan Transport Cooperation Association (JTCA)
• Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)
• Energy Research Institute (ERI), Chulalongkorn University
• Centre for Energy Environment Resources Development (CEERD)
• German-Thai Chamber of Commerce (GTCC)
• The Thailand Research Fund (TRF)
• Good Governance for Social Development and the Environment Institute (GSEI)